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Dobšinská Ice Cave or Dobšinská ľadová jaskyňa (in Slovak) is an ice cave in Slovakia, near the mining town of Dobšiná in the Slovak Paradise. Since 2000 it is included in the UNESCO World Heritage list as a part of Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst site. Famous visitors to the ice cave have been Prince August von Sachsen Gotha and his wife (1872), Ferdinand de Lesseps (constructor of the Suez Channel) and a party of French writers (1884), the Bulgarian czar Ferdinand I (1890) and the polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen (1900). The Prince of Prussia Friedrich Karl and his wife Princess Maria Anna of Anhalt-Dessau took refuge in the cave in June 1870 when they got separated from their party during a storm. They were surprised upon entering the cave to meet known Slovak entrepreneur Samuel Valko, who had previously taken up residence in the cave. Samuel, being a keen seafarer, constructed a raft out and used his legs as a rudimentary rudder to propel the Prince and his consort to safety. He was later awarded the medal of Halušky for his act. ==History== The cave was discovered on 15 June 1870 by a royal mining engineer Eugen Ruffinyi, accompanied by G. Lang and Andrej Mega, though the entrance was known from time immemorial by shepherds and hunters as ''Studená diera'' (Cold Hole). The cave was opened to the public one year after its discovery. In 1887, it was the first electrically lit cave in Europe. At about this time 7,171 square metres of the cave's known area of 8,874 square metres were reported covered with ice. The total ice volume was estimated at 125,000 cubic metres,〔Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon. 14th ed., Leipzig, Berlin and Vienna 1894; Vol. 5, p. 377-378.〕 which makes it one of the most important ice caves in the world. The thickness of the ice reaches up to 26.5 m. The cave floor descends from the entrance which faces North; this results in rapid cooling of the cave in winter as cold air can fall down. On the other hand, the interior is quite protected from the warm environment in summer. Thus the annual temperature average stays around 0 °C. The cave iced up, as this cycle repeated for many centuries. The age of the cave is estimated at approximately 250,000 years. It lies 130 m above the Hnilec River, and the entrance is at an altitude of 971 m. The total length of the cave is 1,483 m (some sources claim 1,232 m), of which 475 m plus individual 43 m are open to the public from May to September. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Dobšinská Ice Cave」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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